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| G | Gozzi, Count Carlo | View More...Italian dramatist, born at Venice; was 39 whenhis first dramatic piece, "Three Oranges," brought him prominently beforethe public; he followed up this success with a series of dramas designedto uphold the old methods of Italian dramatic art, and to resist theefforts of Goldoni and Chiari to introduce French models; these playsdealing with wonderful adventures and enchantments in the manner ofEastern tales ("dramatic fairy tales," he called them), enjoyed a widepopularity, and spread to Germany and France. Schiller translated"Turandot" (1722-1806).—His elder brother, Count Gasparo Gozzi, wasan active littérateur; the author of various translations, essays onliterature, besides editor of a couple of journals; was press censor inVenice for a time, and was in his later days engaged in school anduniversity work (1713-1786). | | G | Gracchus, Caius Sempronius | View More...Roman tribune and reformer, brother ofthe succeeding, nine years his junior; devoted himself and his oratory onhis brother's death to carry out his measures; was chosen tribune in 123B.C., and re-elected in 122; his measures of reform were opposed andundone by the Senate, and being declared a public enemy he was driven tobay, his friends rallying round him in arms, when a combat took place inwhich 3000 fell, upon which Gracchus made his slave put him to death;"overthrown by the Patricians," he is said, "when struck with the fatalstab, to have flung dust toward heaven, and called on the avengingdeities; and from this dust," says one, "there was born Marius—not soillustrious for exterminating the Cimbri as for overturning in Rome thetyranny of the nobles." | | G | Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius | Roman tribune and reformer, eldestson of Cornelia, and brought up by her; proposed, among others, a measurefor the more equal distribution of the public land, which he had tobattle for against heavy odds three successive times, but carried it thethird time; was killed with others of his followers afterwards in a riot,and his body thrown into the Tiber and refused burial, 138 B.C., aged40. | | G | Grace | the term in Scripture for that which is the free gift of God,unmerited by man and of eternal benefit to him. | | G | Grace, Dr. W. G. | the celebrated cricketer, born near Bristol;distinguished as a batsman, fielder, and bowler; earned the title ofchampion, which was spontaneously and by universal consent conferred onhim; has written on cricket; b. 1848. | | G | Grace Cup | a silver bowl with two handles passed round the tableafter grace at all banquets in London City. | | G | Graces, The | View More...reckoned at one time two in number, but originally theyappear to have been regarded as being, what at bottom they are, one. Atlast they are spoken of as three, and called Aglaia, Euphrosyne, andThalia: Thalia, the blooming one, or life in full bloom; Euphrosyne, thecheerful one, or life in the exuberance of joy and sympathy; and Aglaia,the shining one, or life in its effulgence of sunny splendour and glory.But these three are one, involved each in the other, and made perfect inone. There is not Thalia by herself, or Aglaia, but where one truly is,there, in the same being also, the other two are. They are three sisters,as such always inseparable, and in their inseparability alone are Graces.Their secret is not learned from one, but from all three; and they givegrace only with fulness, buoyancy, and radiancy of soul, or life, unitedall in one. They are in essence the soul in its fulness of life andsympathy, pouring itself rhythmically through every obstruction, beforewhich the most solid becomes fluid, transparent, and radiant of itself. | | G | Graciosa | a princess in a fairy tale, persecuted by her stepmother,and protected by Prince Percinet, her lover. | | G | Gracioso | a fool in a Spanish comedy, who ever and anon appears onthe stage during the performance with his jokes and gibes. | | G | Gradgrind | a character in "Hard Times," who weighs and measureseverything by a hard and fast rule and makes no allowances. | | G | Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of | English statesman in thereign of George III.; held various offices of State under Rockingham,Chatham, and North; was bitterly assailed in the famous "Junius Letters"(1735-1811). | | G | Graham, Sir John | companion of Sir William Wallace, who fell at thebattle of Falkirk. | | G | Graham, John, Viscount Dundee | See Claverhouse. | | G | Graham, Thomas | celebrated Scottish chemist, born in Glasgow, wherein 1830 he became professor of Chemistry in the Andersonian University;seven years later he was appointed to a similar chair in UniversityCollege, London; in 1855 he resigned his professorship on succeedingHerschel as Master of the Mint; his name is honourably associated withimportant researches relating to the diffusion of gases and liquids, andwith contributions to the atomic theory of matter (1805-1869). | | G | Grahame, James | a Scottish poet, born in Glasgow; bred alawyer; took to the Church; author of a poem on the "Sabbath," instinctwith devout feeling, and containing good descriptive passages(1765-1811). | | G | Graham's Dyke | a Roman wall extending between the Firths of Forthand Clyde. | | G | Grahamstown | 16), capital of the eastern province of Cape Colony, 25m. from the sea and 106 m. NE. of Port Elizabeth; is beautifully situated1728 ft. above sea-level at the base of the Zuurberg Mountains; has anexceedingly salubrious climate; some fine buildings, and is the seat bothof a Catholic and a Protestant bishop. | | G | Graiæ | three old women in the Greek mythology, born with grey hair,had only one tooth and one eye among them, which they borrowed from eachother as they wanted them; were personifications of old age. | | G | Grail, The Holy | View More...the cup or vessel, said to have been made of anemerald stone, that was used by Christ at the Last Supper, and in whichJoseph of Arimathea caught up the blood that flowed from His wounds onthe Cross; it was brought to England by Joseph, it is alleged, but aftera term disappeared; to recover it formed an object of quest to theKnights of the Round Table, in which Sir Galahad succeeded, when it wasseen by certain other knights, but it has not been seen since, for noneis permitted to see it or can set eye on it but such as are of a pureheart. | | G | Gramont | View More...r Grammont, Philibert, Comte de, a celebrated Frenchcourtier in the age of Louis XIV.; he greatly distinguished himself inthe army, as also at the court by his lively wit and gallant bearing, andsoon established himself in the king's favour, but an intrigue with oneof the royal mistresses brought about his exile from France; at theprofligate court of Charles II of England he found a warm welcome andcongenial surroundings; left memoirs which were mainly the work of hisbrother-in-law, Anthony Hamilton, and which give a marvellously witty andbrilliant picture of the licentiousness and intrigue of the 17th-centurycourt life (1621-1707). | | G | Grampians | 1, a name somewhat loosely applied to the central andchief mountain system of Scotland, which stretches E. and W. right acrossthe country, with many important offshoots running N. and S.; theprincipal heights are Ben Nevis (4406 ft), Ben Macdhui (4296 ft.),Cairntoul (4200 ft.). 2, A range of mountains in the W. of Victoria,Australia, highest elevation 5600 ft. | | G | Granada | View More...the last of the ancient Moorish kingdoms to be conquered(1492) in Spain, in the SE. of Andalusia, fronting the Mediterranean, nowdivided into Granada, Almeria, and Malaga; the modern province (484) hasan area of 4928 sq. m.; Granada (72), the capital, is beautifullysituated at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, on an eminence 2245 ft. abovesea-level, 140 m. SE. of Seville; the Jenil flows past it; has a largeuniversity, a cathedral, and monastery; was founded by the Moors in the8th century, but has been largely rebuilt on modern principles. | | G | Granada, New | 9), a commercial town in Nicaragua, Central America,on the NW. shore of Lake Nicaragua. | | G | Granby, John Manners, Marquis of | an English general, eldest son ofthe third Duke of Rutland; rose to be commander-in-chief of the Britisharmy in Germany during the Seven Years' War; distinguished himself atWarburg; in 1763 he was master-general of the ordnance, and in 1766commander-in-chief of the army; was the victim of some of Junius's mostscathing invectives (1721-1770). | | G | Grand Alliance | an alliance signed at Vienna 1689 by England,Germany, and the States-General to prevent the union of France and Spain. | | G | Grand Jury | a jury appointed to decide whether there are grounds foran accusation to warrant a trial. | | G | Grand Lamaism | a belief of the people of Thibet that Providencesends down always an incarnation of Himself into every generation. | | G | Grand Monarque, The | Louis XIV. (q. v.) of France, socalled. | | G | Grand Pensionary | a state official in the Dutch Republic; in earliertimes the Grand Pensionary was Secretary and also Advocate-General of theprovince of Holland; later his duties embraced the care of foreignaffairs; held office for five years, but was generally re-elected; theoffice was abolished in 1795. | | G | Grandison, Sir Charles | the hero of one of Richardson's novels, acharacter representative of an ideal Christian and gentleman. |
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